2, 3 In extremely premature infants who require ventilation support, the instrumental dead space is relatively large, sometimes at or even exceeding the tidal volume (V T). 1 Limiting ventilator-associated lung overdistention/damage is a well-recognized approach for the prevention of BPD, but the best means of prevention is yet to be developed. Ventilator-induced lung injury is considered an important causative factor in the pathophysiology of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants. 01), and 2.5% (not significant) the insert-equipped standard connector increased it by 0.8% (not significant), 2.5% ( P <. The low-dead-space connector increased work of breathing by 4.7% ( P <. 01) and 1.8% (not significant) and increased it by 1.4% (not significant) the insert-equipped standard connector decreased expiratory resistance by 1.5 and 1% and increased it by 1% (all not significant). The low-dead-space connector decreased expiratory resistance by 6.8% ( P <. 05), and 5.0% (not significant) the insert-equipped standard connector increased inspiratory resistance by 9.1, 8.4, and 5.9% (all not significant). The low-dead-space connector increased inspiratory resistance by 17.8% ( P <. The insert-equipped standard connector reduced CO 2 elimination time by 13.5, 25.1, and 16.1% (all P <. 01), and 7.1% (not significant), respectively. With set tidal volumes (V T) of 2.5, 5, and 10 mL, in comparison with the standard ETT connector, the low-dead-space connector reduced CO 2 elimination time by 4.5% ( P <. RESULTS: The low-dead-space ETT connector/Y-piece and insert-equipped standard connector/Y-piece pairs had instrumental dead space reduced by 36 and 67%, respectively.
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